[
  { "term": "DBH", "definition": "Diameter at breast height — tree stem diameter measured at 1.3 m above ground, the standard size variable in inventory." },
  { "term": "Basal area", "definition": "Cross-sectional area of a stem at breast height (π/4 × DBH²); summed per hectare it indexes stand density and stocking." },
  { "term": "Stocking", "definition": "How fully a site is occupied by trees relative to an ideal, often expressed via basal area or stems per hectare." },
  { "term": "MAI", "definition": "Mean Annual Increment — total volume (or biomass) divided by stand age; its peak guides the rotation age." },
  { "term": "Rotation", "definition": "The planned number of years between establishment and final harvest of an even-aged forest crop." },
  { "term": "Silviculture", "definition": "The practice of controlling forest establishment, composition, growth and quality to meet management objectives." },
  { "term": "Regeneration", "definition": "Renewal of a forest crop by natural seeding/coppice or by planting; also the young trees so produced." },
  { "term": "Coppice", "definition": "Regeneration from stump sprouts after cutting, used for fuelwood and fodder species." },
  { "term": "Thinning", "definition": "Removal of selected trees from an immature stand to concentrate growth on the best stems." },
  { "term": "NDVI", "definition": "Normalised Difference Vegetation Index = (NIR − Red)/(NIR + Red); a remote-sensing measure of green vegetation vigour." },
  { "term": "LULC", "definition": "Land Use / Land Cover — classification of the Earth's surface (forest, agriculture, water, built-up, etc.) from imagery." },
  { "term": "Orthomosaic", "definition": "A single, geometrically corrected image stitched from many overlapping aerial/UAV photos, true-to-scale for measurement." },
  { "term": "GSD", "definition": "Ground Sample Distance — the real-world size of one image pixel; smaller GSD means finer spatial detail." },
  { "term": "Allometric equation", "definition": "A statistical relationship predicting tree biomass/volume from easily measured variables such as DBH and height." },
  { "term": "Biomass", "definition": "The mass of living plant material, usually reported oven-dry; above-ground biomass (AGB) is the common forestry quantity." },
  { "term": "Carbon stock", "definition": "Mass of carbon stored in a pool (commonly ≈47% of biomass); converted to CO₂-equivalent by × 44/12." },
  { "term": "CFUG", "definition": "Community Forest User Group — a local body in Nepal that manages a handed-over community forest under an operational plan." },
  { "term": "Operational plan (Digopan)", "definition": "The management plan governing a Nepali community forest: inventory, allowable harvest, silviculture and protection prescriptions." },
  { "term": "NTFP", "definition": "Non-Timber Forest Product — goods other than timber (resins, fruits, fibres, medicinal plants) harvested from forests." },
  { "term": "Sampling intensity", "definition": "The fraction of a forest area actually measured in plots, e.g. 1% — it trades survey cost against estimate precision." },
  { "term": "Canopy cover", "definition": "The proportion of ground covered by the vertical projection of tree crowns, expressed as a percentage." },
  { "term": "Quadrat", "definition": "A fixed-area sample plot (often square) used to record regeneration, ground flora or NTFP abundance." }
]